How does gloeocapsa move

As a cyanobacteria, Gloeocapsa magma also takes part in the nitrogen cycle by converting nitrogen to other organic compounds [5]. Gloeocapsa magma spores are spread mainly by wind but also by animals and locate themselves on the north side of roofs where the lack of sunshine stimulates their growth and formation [10].

Now, most importantly, the bacteria need to find a food source to survive. The necessary nutrients needed come in the form of crushed limestone, which is used as a filler in roof shingles for support and strength. However, for Gloeocapsa magma , limestone is a superb source of key nutrients for colony growth.

With the moisture provided by lack of sunlight, and the perfect food source, these bacteria can then begin growth and reproduction, slowly taking over and covering the entire roof surface. Gloeocapsa magma grows best in humid environments where moisture is kept locked in. Yet, when beams of sunlight hit the rooftops, this bacteria has a unique method for survival. This pigmented covering is what people see as black streaks covering house roofs. Over time, the bacteria will begin to die off and the black covering of the dead cells forms a stain on the roof that only increasingly gets worse over time.

To continue their life cycle, colonies of Gloeocapsa magma dissociate into small groups of cells that can then be transported via wind or animals and relocated to a new site where growth and division will begin [6].

Gloeocapsa magma , as previously stated, inhabits the roofs of houses, feeding off of the limestone filler and the nutrients trapped in the moisture rich shingles [10]. The most beneficial habitat for this particular bacteria involves a humid, damp environment with little access to sunlight. For this reason, the bacteria begin colony growth on the northern most side of houses because of its limited sun exposure. Gloeocapsa magma has little contribution to the environment, but it does fix nitrogen and convert it into organic compounds like nitrate and ammonia [5].

This contribution is beneficial to other organisms that feed off of organic compounds. The less expensive solution is to spray wash the roof with a 50 percent mix of water and bleach to get rid of the algae. No pressure washers, please. To keep the algae from coming back, insert 6-inch-wide strips of zinc or copper under the row of shingling closest to the roof peak, leaving an inch or two of the lower edge exposed to the weather.

That way whenever it rains, some of the metal molecules will wash down the roof and kill any algae trying to regain a foothold on your shingles.

You can probably see this same principle working on roofs in your neighborhood. Look for chimneys with copper flashing; the areas directly below the flashing will be free of any algae stains. The strips also work on roofs suffering from moss buildup. Just scrub it off first with a brush, then bleach as above. Cyanobacteria were isolated and purified from water samples collected from Manora channel. Fast growing cultures of cyanobacteria were used to assess the toxicity of test pesticide.

The Light and Dark method was used to determine the primary production of the organisms. Laboratory experiments with cyanobacteria have demonstrated that organophosphate pesticides are potent inhibitors of photosynthesis. Evidence regarding the UV sunscreen role of a mycosporine-like compound in the cyanobacterium Gloeocapsa sp. The mycosporine-like amino acids MAAs have been thought to serve a UV sunscreen role in organisms that produce or contain them because MAAs present strong absorbance in the UV region and because there is no other apparent biological function.

The researchers used the cyanobacterium Gloeocapsa sp. Five conditions are evaluated: 1 absorption of radiation high enough to provide benefit to the organisms; 2 correlation of presence of the compound with enhansed fitness under UV; 3 concentration of the compound and resistance to UV still present under physiological inactivity; 4 effect maximal at wavelengths of maximal absorption; 5 loss of protection after artificial removal of compound.

The results indicate that only a small sunscreen effect can be ascribed to the MAA in the Gloecapsa sp. It is possible however, that in the typical undisturbed colonial growth form, MAAs and their screening action may become major factors in resistance to UV radiation.

Lifescience Database Archive English. Fresh Water Cyanobacteria Geitlerinema sp. CCC and Arthrospira sp. An increasing number of cancer patients worldwide, especially in third world countries, have raised concern to explore natural drug resources, such as the less explored fresh water filamentous cyanobacteria. Six strains of cyanobacteria Phormidium sp. CCC, Geitlerinema sp. CCC, Arthrospira sp. CCC, Phormidium sp. CCC, and Leptolyngbya sp.

CCC were isolated paddy fields and ponds in the Banaras Hindu University, campus and five strains screened for ant Growth, biochemical and enzymatic responses of thermal cynobacterium Gloeocapsa sp.

Cyanophyceae to temperature and irradiance. Comunidad de cianobacterias durante el ciclo de cultivo de arroz: Oriza sativa L. Cyanobacteria during a rice Oriza sativa L. Directory of Open Access Journals Sweden.

Se compararon dos ubicaciones respecto de la entrada del agua al lote. Los valores de diversidad de Simpson fueron mayores en la zona de mayor temperatura en cada uno de los momentos de muestreo. Abiotic factors as temperature affect cyanobacterial growth in rice crop fields. The aim of our study was to evaluate cyanobacteria during rice crop development in two crop areas with different water temperature. We worked in a rice crop flooded with subterraneous water. We sampled two sites that differed in the distance from the.

Full Text Available An increasing number of cancer patients worldwide, especially in third world countries, have raised concern to explore natural drug resources, such as the less explored fresh water filamentous cyanobacteria. CCC were isolated paddy fields and ponds in the Banaras Hindu University, campus and five strains screened for anticancer potential using human colon adenocarcinoma HT29 and human kidney adenocarcinoma A cancer cell lines.

Geitlerinema sp. CCC were the most potent as determined by examination of morphological features and by inhibition of growth by graded concentrations of crude extracts and thin-layer chromatography TLC eluates. Cell cycle analysis and multiplex assays using cancer biomarkers also confirmed Geitlerinema sp. CCC as cancer drug resources. Apoptotic studies in the cells of A cancer and MCFA normal human epithelial exposed to crude extracts and TLC fractions revealed no significant impact on MCFA cells emphasizing its importance in the development of anticancer drug.

Identification of biomolecules from these extracts are in progress. Draft Genome Sequence of Limnobacter sp. Agnol, Leonardo Teixeira; Bara? Ecological interactions between cyanobacteria and heterotrophic prokaryotes are poorly known. To improve the genomic studies of heterotrophic bacterium-cyanobacterium associations, the draft genome sequence 3.

Richter Hollerbach. High levels of moisture were detected in the places of biofilm occurrence. Glycogen production for biofuels by the euryhaline cyanobacteria Synechococcus sp. Oxygenic photosynthetic microorganisms such as cyanobacteria and microalgae have attracted attention as an alternative carbon source for the next generation of biofuels. Glycogen abundantly accumulated in cyanobacteria is a promising feedstock which can be converted to ethanol through saccharification and fermentation processes.

In addition, the utilization of marine cyanobacteria as a glycogen producer can eliminate the need for a freshwater supply. Synechococcus sp. In the present study, the effects of light intensity, CO2 concentration, and salinity on the cell growth and glycogen content were investigated in order to maximize glycogen production in Synechococcus sp. The optimal culture conditions for glycogen production in Synechococcus sp. The maximum glycogen production of 3.

The glycogen production performance in Synechococcus sp. In addition, the robustness of glycogen production in Synechococcus sp. The peak of glycogen production of Synechococcus sp. Glycogen production in Synechococcus sp. We conclude that Synechococcus sp. Temperature, relative humidity and light intensity were measured, and chlorophyll a content determined. Light intensity differed from the entrance inwards. However, Chl a content was not proportional to light intensity, instead it was positively correlated to biofilm weight.

Biofilm samples from two sites were also observed using a scanning electron microscope. Coccoid forms of cyanobacteria were abundant at the sampling site with the lowest light intensity, while members of the order Nostocales were predominant at the sampling site with the highest light intensity measured.

Cyanobacteria were the dominant group of phototrophs colonizing cave walls 29 taxa, with the order Chroococcales prevailing 21 taxa. The most frequently documented cyanobacteria were species from genera Gloeocapsa , Scytonema, Aphanocapsa and Chroococcus.

Desmococcus olivaceus and Trentepohlia aurea were the only green algae documented on cave walls. Ascomycetes were common e. Alternaria, Aspergillus, Cladosporium, Epicoccum, Penicillum and Trichoderma, while zygomycetes and oomycetes were less frequent.

The different color of each biofilm sample was ascribed to the presence of various different species of cyanobacteria and algae. A total of 85 taxa were identified, 35 of them belonging to cyanobacteria , 30 chlorophytes, and 20 belonging to other groups of algae.

Aerophytic cyanobacteria dominated in these calcareous habitats. Nine species, Gloeocapsa alpina, Nostoc commune, Chlorella vulgaris, Dilabifilum arthopyreniae, Klebsormidium flaccidum, Muriella decolor, Neocystis subglobosa, and Orthoseira roseana, were the most abundant taxa in all the caves. The investigated microhabitats offer relatively stable microclimatic conditions and are likely to be responsible for the observed vertical distribution of aerophytic cyanobacteria and algae.

Se citan 24 taxa correspondientes a los Ordenes Chroococcales 11, Nostocales 8 y Oscillatoriales 5. Synechocystis aquatilis, Gloeocapsa rupestris, Gomphosphaeria aponina, Chamaesiphon incrustans f. This work is a contribution to the knowledge of the Cyanobacteria present in the San Roque reservoir and forms a part of an integral study of its algal flora.

Twenty-four taxa are described and ilustrated: 11 Chroococcales, 8 Nostocales, and 5 Oscillatoriales. Morphological and phylogenetic diversity of thermophilic cyanobacteria in Algerian hot springs.

Geothermal springs in Algeria have been known since the Roman Empire. They mainly locate in Eastern Algeria and are inhabited by thermophilic organisms, which include cyanobacteria forming mats and concretions. In this work, we have investigated the cyanobacterial diversity of these springs. Samples were collected for isolation in culture, microscopic morphological examination, and molecular diversity analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences. Nineteen different cyanobacterial morphotypes were identified, the most abundant of which were three species of Leptolyngbya, accompanied by members of the genera Gloeocapsa , Gloeocapsopsis, Stigonema, Fischerella, Synechocystis, Microcoleus, Cyanobacterium, Chroococcus and Geitlerinema.

They corresponded to a Synechococcus clade and to relatives of the intracellularly calcifying Candidatus Gloeomargarita lithophora.

The hottest springs were dominated by members of Leptolyngbya, Synechococcus-like cyanobacteria and Gloeomargarita, whereas Oscillatoriales other than Leptolyngbya, Chroococcales and Stigonematales dominated lower temperature springs. The isolation of some of these strains sets the ground for future studies on the biology of thermophilic cyanobacteria.

Reconstruction and comparison of the metabolic potential of cyanobacteria Cyanothece sp. ATCC and Synechocystis sp. PCC Full Text Available Cyanobacteria are an important group of photoautotrophic organisms that can synthesize valuable bio-products by harnessing solar energy.

They are endowed with high photosynthetic efficiencies and diverse metabolic capabilities that confer the ability to convert solar energy into a variety of biofuels and their precursors. However, less well studied are the similarities and differences in metabolism of different species of cyanobacteria as they pertain to their suitability as microbial production chassis.

Here we assemble, update and compare genome-scale models iCyt and iSyn for two phylogenetically related cyanobacterial species, namely Cyanothece sp. All reactions are elementally and charge balanced and localized into four different intracellular compartments i. Newly added reactions absent in earlier models and , respectively span most metabolic pathways with an emphasis on lipid biosynthesis.

All thermodynamically infeasible loops are identified and eliminated from both models. Comparisons of model predictions against gene essentiality data reveal a specificity of 0. Specific metabolic pathway differences between the two cyanobacteria alluding to different bio-production potentials are reflected in both models. Biodiversity of cyanobacteria and green algae on monuments in the Mediterranean Basin: an overview.

The presence and deteriorating action of micro-organisms on monuments and stone works of art have received considerable attention in the last few years. Knowledge of the microbial populations living on stone materials is the starting point for successful conservation treatment and control. This paper reviews the literature on cyanobacteria and chlorophyta that cause deterioration of stone cultural heritage outdoor monuments and stone works of art in European countries of the Mediterranean Basin.

Some 45 case studies from 32 scientific papers published between and were analysed. Six lithotypes were considered: marble, limestone, travertine, dolomite, sandstone and granite. A wide range of stone monuments in the Mediterranean Basin support considerable colonization of cyanobacteria and chlorophyta, showing notable biodiversity. About taxa have been described by different authors, including 37 genera of cyanobacteria and 48 genera of chlorophyta.

The most widespread and commonly reported taxa on the stone cultural heritage in the Mediterranean Basin are, among cyanobacteria , Gloeocapsa , Phormidium and Chroococcus and, among chlorophyta, Chlorella, Stichococcus and Chlorococcum. The results suggest that cyanobacteria and chlorophyta colonize a wide variety of substrata and that this is related primarily to the physical characteristics of the stone surface, microclimate and environmental conditions and secondarily to the lithotype.

Secondary metabolites of cyanobacteria Nostoc sp. Cyanobacteria attracted much attention recently because of their secondary metabolites with potent biological activities and unusual structures.

This paper reviews some recent studies on the isolation, structural, elucidation and biological activities of the bioactive compounds from cyanobacteria Nostoc species.

Recent developments in therapeutic applications of Cyanobacteria. The cyanobacteria blue-green algae are photosynthetic prokaryotes having applications in human health with numerous biological activities and as a dietary supplement.

It is used as a food supplement because of its richness in nutrients and digestibility. Many cyanobacteria Microcystis sp , Anabaena sp , Nostoc sp , Oscillatoria sp. Cyanobacteria produce biologically active and chemically diverse compounds belonging to cyclic peptides, lipopeptides, fatty acid amides, alkaloids and saccharides. Their role as anti-viral, anti-tumor, antimicrobial, anti-HIV and a food additive have also been well established.

However, such products are at different stages of clinical trials and only a few compounds have reached to the market. Production of titanium-dioxide nanomaterials nano-TiO2 is increasing, leading to potential risks associated with unintended release of these materials into aquatic ecosystems.

We investigated the acute effects of nano-TiO2 on metabolic activity and viability of algae and cyanobacteria using high-throughput screening. The responses of three diatoms Surirella angusta, Cocconeis placentula, Achnanthidium lanceolatum , one green alga Scenedesmus quadricauda , and three cyanobacteria Microcystis aeruginosa, Gloeocapsa sp. Five concentrations of nano-TiO2 0. Algae were sensitive to nano-TiO2, with all showing decreased metabolic activity after min exposure to the lowest tested concentration.

Microscopic observation of algae revealed increased abundance of dead cells with nano-TiO2 exposure. Cyanobacteria were less sensitive to nano-TiO2 than algae, with Gloeocapsa showing no significant decrease in activity with nano-TiO2 exposure and Synechococcus showing an increase in activity.

These results suggest that nanomaterial contamination has the potential to alter the distribution of phototrophic microbial taxa within freshwater ecosystems. The higher resistance of cyanobacteria could have significant implications as cyanobacteria represent a less nutritious food source for higher trophic levels and some cyanobacteria can produce toxins and contribute to harmful algal blooms. Antifungal compounds from cyanobacteria. Cyanobacteria are photosynthetic prokaryotes found in a range of environments.

They are infamous for the production of toxins, as well as bioactive compounds, which exhibit anticancer, antimicrobial and protease inhibition activities. Cyanobacteria produce a broad range of antifungals belonging to structural classes, such as peptides, polyketides and alkaloids. Here, we tested cyanobacteria from a wide variety of environments for antifungal activity. The potent antifungal macrolide scytophycin was detected in Anabaena sp.

To our knowledge, this is the first description of Anabaena strains that produce scytophycins. We detected antifungal glycolipopeptide hassallidin production in Anabaena spp.

These strains were isolated from brackish and freshwater samples collected in Brazil, the Czech Republic and Finland. In addition, three cyanobacterial strains, Fischerella sp. Interestingly, all of the strains shown to produce antifungal compounds in this study belong to Nostocales or Stigonematales cyanobacterial orders.

Antifungal Compounds from Cyanobacteria. Full Text Available Cyanobacteria are photosynthetic prokaryotes found in a range of environments. Use of ecological niche modeling as a tool for predicting the potential distribution of Microcystis sp cyanobacteria in the Aguamilpa Dam, Nayarit, Mexico. Full Text Available Ecological niche modeling is an important tool to evaluate the spatial distribution of terrestrial species, however, its applicability has been little explored in the aquatic environment.

Microcystis sp. Like any taxonomic group, cyanobacteria has environmental thresholds, therefore, a suitable ecological niche will define their distribution. This study was conducted in Aguamilpa Hydroelectric Reservoir, an artificial ecosystem that started operations in In this system we evaluated the potential distribution of Microcystis sp. The distribution maps were developed using ArcMap 9. The results indicated that Microcystis sp.

There was less chance to find cyanobacteria in the entire system during the cold dry season, while during the warm dry season cyanobacteria was recognized at the confluence of two rivers. During the rainfall season there were no reports of cyanobacteria presence. It was also recognized the importance of phosphorus and nitrogen interaction, which determines the distribution of Microcystis sp.

The results of this study demonstrated that ecological niche modeling was a suitable tool to assess the. Production of volatile organic compounds by cyanobacteria Synechococcus sp. Phytoplankton are known to produce volatile organic compounds VOCs , which contribute to environmental problems such as global warming and decomposition of stratospheric ozone. For example, picophytoplankton, such as Prochlorococcus and Synechococcus, are distributed in freshwater and oceans worldwide, accounting for a large proportion of biomass and primary production in the open ocean.

However, to date, little is known about the production of VOCs by picophytoplankton. In this study, VOCs production by cyanobacteria Synechococcus sp. NIES was investigated. VOCs concentrations were determined using a purge-and-trap gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer Agilent The concentrations of chlorophyll a Chl a were also determined using a fluorometer Turner TD Bromomethane CH3Br and isoprene were produced by Synechococcus sp.

Isoprene production was similar to those of other phytoplankton species reported earlier. Isoprene was produced when Chl a was increasing in the early stage of the incubation period days of incubation time, exponential phase , but CH3Br was produced when Chl a was reduced in the late stage of the incubation period days of incubation time, death phase. Sequestration of chromium by exopolysaccharides of Nostoc and Gloeocapsa from dilute aqueous solutions. This article reports the chromium removal potential of exopolysaccharides EPS of two indigenously isolated cyanobacterial strains, Gloeocapsa calcarea and Nostoc punctiforme.

Two equilibrium models, Langmuir and Freundlich, were used to explain these results. EPS production by the two strains was also studied which was found to be higher for Gloeocapsa.

On the basis of experimental results and model parameters, it can be inferred that the EPS extracted from Nostoc has comparatively high biosorption capacity and can be utilized for the removal of chromium from dilute aqueous solution.

Adsorption of chromium on EPS was further confirmed by surface morphology observed in scanning electron micrographs. The effects of three chemical algaecides on cell numbers and toxin content of the cyanobacteria Microcystis aeruginosa and Anabaenopsis sp. Toxic cyanobacteria blooms are a growing concern for public health and safety, due in part to the production of the hepatotoxin microcystin by certain species, including Microcystis aeruginosa.

Management strategies for controlling cyanobacteria blooms include algaecide treatments, often with copper sulfate, and more recently oxidizers such as sodium percarbonate that produce hydrogen peroxide. This study assessed the effects of two copper-containing algaecides and one sodium percarbonate-containing algaecide on mitigating cell numbers and toxin content of cultured M. Monitoring of the bloom revealed that Anabaenopsis sp. Laboratory-based algaecide experiments included three dose levels, and cyanobacteria cell numbers and microcystin concentrations particulate and dissolved were evaluated over 7 d.

Following exposure, copper-containing treatments generally had lower cell numbers than either sodium percarbonate-containing or control no algaecide treatments. Addition of algaecides did not reduce overall microcystin levels, and a release of toxin from the particulate to dissolved phase was observed in most treatments.

These findings indicate that algaecide applications may visibly control cyanobacteria bloom densities, but not necessarily toxin concentrations, and have implications for public health and safety. Immobilized periphytic cyanobacteria for removal of nitrogenous compounds and phosphorus from shrimp farm wastewater. Cyanobacteria can be used to remove nitrogenous compounds from wastewater, but a major bottleneck in the process is the separation of cyanobacterial biomass from the treated water discharge, which may cause eutrophication.

The current study assessed the suitability of three periphytic cyanobacteria Geitlerinema sp. These cyanobacteria were immobilized by self-adhesion to polyvinyl chloride sheets, forming mats, and were screened Cyanobacteria and prawn farming in northern New South Wales, Australia--a case study on cyanobacteria diversity and hepatotoxin bioaccumulation. Kankaanpaeae, Harri T. Harmful cyanobacteria pose a hazard to aquatic ecosystems due to toxins hepatotoxic microcystins, nodularins, and cylindrospermopsin they produce.

The microcystins and nodularins are potent toxins, which are also tumor promoters. The microcystins and nodularins may accumulate into aquatic organisms and be transferred to higher trophic levels, and eventually affect vector animals and consumers. Prawn farming is a rapidly growing industry in Australia. Because information regarding effects of cyanobacteria at prawn farms was lacking, we examined diversity of cyanobacteria and toxin production plus bioaccumulation into black tiger prawns Penaeus monodon under both field northern New South Wales, Australia, December April and laboratory conditions.

Cyanobacteria encountered were Oscillatoria sp. An uncommon cyanobacterium, Romeria sp. Contrasting earlier indications, toxic Nodularia spumigena was absent. Despite that both Oscillatoria sp. ELISA was found suitable not only for phytoplankton but prawn tissues as well. Enzymatic pretreatment improved extractability of hepatotoxin from cyanobacteria nodularin from N.

Hepatotoxin concentrations in. Utilization of the cyanobacteria Anabaena sp CH1 in biological carbon dioxide mitigation processes. The utilization of the cyanobacteria Anabaena sp.

CH1 in carbon dioxide mitigation processes is analyzed in our research. It was found that an original developed photobioreactor with internal light source exhibits high light utilization.

Anabaena sp. This enables flue gas from power plant to be directly introduced to Anabaena sp. CH1 culture. Degradation of textile dyes by cyanobacteria. Dyes are recalcitrant compounds that resist conventional biological treatments.

PCC was evaluated. The dye degradation efficiency of the cyanobacteria was compared with anaerobic and anaerobic-aerobic systems in terms of discolouration and toxicity evaluations. The discoloration was evaluated by absorption spectroscopy. Toxicity was measured using the organisms Hydra attenuata, the alga Selenastrum capricornutum and lettuce seeds.

The three cyanobacteria showed the potential to remediate textile effluent by removing the colour and reducing the toxicity. However, the growth of cyanobacteria on sludge was slow and discoloration was not efficient. The cyanobacteria P. Download references. You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar.

Reprints and Permissions. Cox, G. Ultrastructure of a cave-wall cyanophyte- Gloeocapsa NS4. Download citation. Received : 04 May Accepted : 26 June Issue Date : October Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content:. Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article.

Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative. Skip to main content. Search SpringerLink Search. Abstract Gloeocapsa strain NS4, a cyanophyte cyanobacterium which grows in low light levels inside cave entrances, was studied in the electron microscope by thin sectioning and freeze-etching.